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Advanced_William_E_100_0185M2Man-removebg700,600res

Advanced William’s E Medium

$40.10 – $947.87

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SKU: N/A Category: Cell & Tissue Culture Reagents

Description

PurMa^TM Advanced William E contains components that allow for a 60–90% reduction in FBS supplementation. Using synthetic components such as insulin recombinant full chain, recombinant albumin, and transferrin increase consistency in results with less variation amongst lot-to-lot serum changes. In Advanced William E, L‑alanine‑L‑glutamine is used as the source of glutamine. Additionally, reducing FBS requirements lowers the cost of cell culture experiments. Advanced William E contains:

All the twenty essential and non-essential amino acids with higher concentrations than regular and MAX formulations.
It includes the elements which significantly reduce the need for a serum for cell culture including:

Advanced William E is a substantial upgrade to the standard and MAX for William E. That is because media this media contains ingredients to allow for serum reduction, specifically: ethanolamine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, lipid rich PurMa^TMAlbumin, trace elements such as sodium selenite, ammonium metavanadate, cupric sulfate, and manganous chloride.

PurMa^TMAlbumin: Chromatographically purified with IgG content <=0.1.0%.

PurMa^TMHuman Transferrin (Holo): prevents Improperly iron storage and delivery in cell culture systems which is a major contributor to oxidative stress and protein damage.
PurMa^TM Insulin Recombinant
Trace of other elements which mimic the elements in fetal bovine serum.

In another word, Advanced form of William E is a significant step toward chemically defined form of this media where all elements are synthetic and the need for FBS is eliminated.

Chemically Defined William E (CD- William E) is the next generation of PurMa Biologics’ dedicated team of top scientists which is the outcome of decades of cutting-edge research. CD- William E soon will be offered globally to laboratories who are looking for consistency and repeatability among their data.

Formulation: Complete formulation is available : Advanced William E Formulation

References:

Isolation and long-term cell culture of epithelial-like cells from rat liver. Williams GM, Weisburger EK, Weisburger JH. Exp Cell Res. 1971 Nov;69(1):106-12. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(71)90316-8. PMID:
Isolation and culture of primary adult skin fibroblasts from the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Siengdee P, Klinhom S, Thitaram C, Nganvongpanit K. 2018 Jan 24;6:e4302. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4302. eCollection 2018. PMID: 2937969
Growth and continuous passage of COMMA-D mouse mammary epithelial cells in hormonally defined serum-free medium. Riss TL, Sirbasku DA. Cancer Res. 1987 Jul 15;47(14):3776-82. PMID: 3297308.

Human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I. I. Development of a serum-free medium for clonal density assay of growth factors using BALB/c 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts. Riss TL, Karey KP, Burleigh BD, Parker D, Sirbasku DA. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1988 Nov;24(11):1099-106. doi: 10.1007/BF02620811. PMID:
Rat pituitary tumor cells in serum-free culture. I. Selection of thyroid hormone-responsive and autonomous cells. Riss TL, Stewart BH, Sirbasku DA. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1989 Feb;25(2):127-35. doi: 10.1007/BF02626168. PMID:
Primary in vitro antibody responses by purified murine B lymphocytes in serum-free defined medium. Mosier DE. J Immunol. 1981 Oct;127(4):1490-3. PMID: 6792277
Evaluation of a simple protein free medium that supports high levels of monoclonal antibody production. Qi YM, Greenfield PF, Reid S. 1996 Jun;21(2):95-109. doi: 10.1007/BF02215660. PMID: 22358660.
Medium formulations. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2001 May; Appendix 2: Appendix 2B. doi: 10.1002/0471143030.cba02bs06. PMID: 18228282.
Serum-free culture of rabbit meniscal fibrochondrocytes: proliferative response. Webber RJ, Zitaglio T, Hough AJ Jr. J Orthop Res. 1988;6(1):13-23. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100060103. PMID: 333473

Parameter	Specification
Appearance	Red, clear liquid
pH	7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality	275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin	NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma	Negative
Suitability	Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive	Sodium pyruvate
Indicator	Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection	Negative
Sterility Tested	Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form	Liquid
Shipping Condition	Room temperature

Formulation

Advanced William E Formulation

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box_shadow_style="" z_index_subgroup="regular" z_index="" z_index_hover="" overflow="" background_type="single" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="none" skip_lazy_load="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_blend_mode="none" render_logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_props="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] IMDM MAX: In general, the advantages of IMDM-MAX over IMDM are as follows:

Higher PH Capacity
Contains 4 mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (0.869 g/L) instead of L-Glutamine and therefore:
Possess longer shelf life)
Minimizes toxic ammonia build-up.
Improves cell viability and growth.
Remains stable across a wide range of temperatures.
Minimizes the growth of pathogens by stabilizing the PH.
Improves the culture of primary cells.

Additionally, IMDM-MAX contains:

1.0 mM sodium pyruvate
High glucose (4.5g/L)
Non-Essential Amino Acids
3.024 g/L Sodium Bicarbonate; PurMa Biologics Manufactures several types of IMDM -MAX based on the amount of Sodium Bicarbonate and HEPES (PH capacity)
Phenol Red

L-glutamine is a vital amino acid that is supplemented with mammalian cell culture media. This important amino acid has several important functions including the production of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides amino sugars, and glutathione as well as performing as the secondary source of energy. The latter is more crucial in cells dividing rapidly. Generally, this amino acid is used in cell culture media in the range of 2–6 mM. One drawback of using L-glutamine is that in solutions such as cell culture media, L-glutamine degrades, resulting in the generation of toxic ammonia and pyrrolidine carboxylic acid. The speed of degradation of L-glutamine depends on time, temperature, and pH. One way to minimize the degradation of L-glutamine degradation in media is to gradually add these amino acids to your cell culture but has to be calculated to keep the level of L-glutamine at a constant level. Practically, this strategy even though is possible but tedious, and depending on the volume of cell culture work in your la, keeping track of time to keep the level of L-glutamine at the same level is difficult and could be tedious if not impossible. A viable and well-proven alternative for using L-glutamine, which is less sensitive to environmental factors such as pH, is applying L-alanyl-L-glutamine, which is more stable in aqueous solutions and does not easily degrade and cells gradually release aminopeptidases that hydrolyze the dipeptide, slowly releasing L-alanine and L-glutamine into the culture media. The resulting L-glutamine and L-alanine are then used by the cells for protein production or in the TCA cycle. PurMa^TMGluaSup (Cat# P3S210 559) is a proprietary combination of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and other elements which prevent degradation of L-glutamine in the period when is released from L-alanyl-L-glutamine before being utilized by cells. Using PurMa^TMGluaSup maximizes energy metabolism and high growth yield. The other components in PurMa^TMGluaSup neutralize the trace of ammonia on your cells whose generation in cell culture is inevitable in presence of L-glutamine and harmful to the cells. Additionally, PurMa^TMGluaSup offers more buffering capacity which maintains physiological pH more efficiently. An extra buffering system in this media is a powerful tool to avoid changing the PH which results in instability in growing and cellular mechanisms. Changing the PH is also one of the most common factors for growing mold and other pathogens. IMDM-MAX functions better than regular IMDM on primary cell culture and most of the commercial cell lines such as MDCK, glial cells, fibroblasts, human endothelial cells, and rat fibroblasts. IMDM-MAX contains no proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Therefore, it requires supplementation, commonly with 10% Fetal bovine Serum (FBS. In general, Formulation: Complete formulation of IMDM-MAX, Click here:IMDM-MAX Formulation References:

Plaque production by the polyoma virus. DULBECCO R, FREEMAN G. 1959 Jul;8(3):396-7. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(59)90043-1. PMID: 13669362.
Complete replacement of serum by albumin, transferrin, and soybean lipid in cultures of lipopolysaccharide-reactive B lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1978 Mar 1; 147(3): 923–933. doi: 10.1084/jem.147.3.923 PMCID: PMC2184195
Improved Survival and Initiation of Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Hepatocyte-Like Cells upon Culture in William’s E Medium followed by Hepatocyte Differentiation Inducer Treatment, Minoru Tomizawa, Fuminobu Shinozaki, Yasufumi Motoyoshi, Takao Sugiyama, Shigenori Yamamoto, Naoki Ishige, PLoS One. 2016; 11(4): e0153435. Published online 2016 Apr 13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153435, PMCID: PMC4830564
Cell culture medium formulation and its implications in cancer metabolism,Tobias Ackermann, Saverio Tardito, Trends Cancer. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2019 Jun 10. Published in final edited form as: Trends Cancer. 2019 Jun 4; 5(6): 329–332. Published online 2019 May 29. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.004, PMCID: PMC6557711
Development of an infusible-grade solution for non-cryopreserved hematopoietic cell storage. Burger SR, Hubel A, McCullough J. 1999;1(2):123-33. doi:10.1080/0032472031000141250. PMID: 19746589
Essential components for ex vivo proliferation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Fekete N, Rojewski MT, Lotfi R, Schrezenmeier H. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2014 Feb;20(2):129-39. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2013.0061. Epub 2013 Jul 5. PMID: 23713576
Effects of glutamine supply on growth and metabolism of mammalian cells in chemostat culture. Vriezen N, Romein B, Luyben KC, van Dijken JP. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1997 May 5;54(3):272-86. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970505)54:3<272::AID-BIT8>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID: 18634093.
Development of a serum-free medium for the production of humanized antibody from Chinese hamster ovary cells using a statistical design. Kim EJ, Kim NS, Lee GM. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1998 Nov-Dec;34(10):757-61. doi: 10.1007/s11626-998-0029-6.

[/fusion_text][fusion_table fusion_table_type="1" fusion_table_rows="13" fusion_table_columns="2" margin_top="30px" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""]

Parameter	Specification
Appearance	Red, clear liquid
pH	7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality	275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin	NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma	Negative
Suitability	Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive	Sodium pyruvate
Indicator	Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection	Negative
Sterility Tested	Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form	Liquid
Shipping Condition	Room temperature

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Basal Medium Eagle (BME) in Earl’s Buffer

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filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_1" align_self="auto" content_layout="column" align_content="flex-start" valign_content="flex-start" content_wrap="wrap" spacing="" center_content="no" column_tag="div" link="" target="_self" link_description="" min_height="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" type_medium="" type_small="" order_medium="0" order_small="0" dimension_spacing_medium="" dimension_spacing_small="" dimension_spacing="" dimension_margin_medium="" dimension_margin_small="" margin_top="" margin_bottom="" padding_medium="" padding_small="" padding_top="" padding_right="" padding_bottom="" padding_left="" hover_type="none" border_sizes="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_radius="" box_shadow="no" dimension_box_shadow="" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" z_index_subgroup="regular" z_index="" z_index_hover="" overflow="" background_type="single" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="none" skip_lazy_load="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_blend_mode="none" render_logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_props="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] The product description is being updated at this time. [/fusion_text][fusion_table fusion_table_type="1" fusion_table_rows="13" fusion_table_columns="2" margin_top="30px" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" class="" id="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""]

Parameter	Specification
Appearance	Red, clear liquid
pH	7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality	275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin	NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma	Negative
Suitability	Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive	N/A
Indicator	Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection	Negative
Sterility Tested	Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form	Liquid
Shipping Condition	Room temperature

William’s E Medium

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link_hover_color="" border_sizes="" border_sizes_top="" border_sizes_right="" border_sizes_bottom="" border_sizes_left="" border_color="" border_style="solid" border_radius_top_left="" border_radius_top_right="" border_radius_bottom_right="" border_radius_bottom_left="" box_shadow="no" box_shadow_vertical="" box_shadow_horizontal="" box_shadow_blur="0" box_shadow_spread="0" box_shadow_color="" box_shadow_style="" z_index="" overflow="" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_color="" background_image="" skip_lazy_load="" background_position="center center" background_repeat="no-repeat" fade="no" background_parallax="none" enable_mobile="no" parallax_speed="0.3" background_blend_mode="none" video_mp4="" video_webm="" video_ogv="" video_url="" video_aspect_ratio="16:9" video_loop="yes" video_mute="yes" video_preview_image="" pattern_bg="none" pattern_custom_bg="" pattern_bg_color="" pattern_bg_style="default" pattern_bg_opacity="100" pattern_bg_size="" pattern_bg_blend_mode="normal" mask_bg="none" mask_custom_bg="" mask_bg_color="" mask_bg_accent_color="" mask_bg_style="default" mask_bg_opacity="100" mask_bg_transform="left" mask_bg_blend_mode="normal" render_logics="" absolute="off" absolute_devices="small,medium,large" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_background_color="" sticky_height="" sticky_offset="" sticky_transition_offset="0" scroll_offset="0" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" 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box_shadow_style="" z_index_subgroup="regular" z_index="" z_index_hover="" overflow="" background_type="single" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="none" skip_lazy_load="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_blend_mode="none" render_logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_props="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] Williams′ Medium E is a modification of Williams′ Medium D by Williams and Gunn. The composition is similar to Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with some difference in glucose as well as amino acid contents. Williams′ Medium E was originally used to isolate and culture primary liver epithelial cells from Epithelial-like cells of fibroblast-like cells culture. It has been originally shown by Williams and Gunn that the cells maintained their morphology for up to nine months of continuous culture and displayed no tumorigenicity upon injection into syngeneic hosts. So, Williams′ Medium E medium is suited for longer term adult primary cell culture. PurMa™ William's E Medium is:

Suited for long term culture.
Enriched in amino acids.
Double the glucose compared to the original formulation.
Contains unique ingredients, including zinc, iron, manganese, non-essential amino acids, the reducing agent glutathione, and the lipid methyl linoleate which, in part, contribute to the ability of this medium to support long term culture.

PurMa™ William's E Medium also contains: - Low level of glucose (2.00 g/ liter). PurMa Biologics manufacturers the high glucose (4.5 g/L) Williams′ Medium E as well (Cat #: P3S029880) - Sodium bicarbonate (2.2 g/L) (if higher than 5% CO2 is used, a higher % of sodium bicarbonate is needed). PurMa Biologics manufacturers the high sodium bicarbonate (3.7 g/L) Williams′ Medium E as well (Cat #: P3S032880) - 2 mM L-glutamine (292 mg/L)’ PurMa Biologics manufactures 112 types of William's E Medium which accommodate any form of this medium. We recommend contacting our friendly customer service & technical support about your exact need for William's E Medium media. Why PurMa Biologics? Why we stand behind our cell culture media:

Our products are the outcome of 30 years of experience in cutting edge cell and tissue culture science.
We routinely manufacture over 1500 media which is the most comprehensive collection of cell and tissue culture media.
We utilize %99 pure amino acids. This will significantly increase the consistency among your experiments, and the result of your lab compared to other laboratories working on the same issues.
Considering the highest quality, our prices are extremely reasonable.

Application of William's E Medium This media has elements supporting long term culturing of primary cells as a necessity for performing analysis on these cells. William's E Medium has been formulated for use in a 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere and is not recommended for higher and lower percentages of CO2. It utilizes a bicarbonate buffering system. Scientists in PurMa Biologics have successfully evaluated William's E Medium for the culture of vast varieties of primary as well as commercial cell lines including: primary liver epithelial cells, HeLa, Jurkat, MCF-7, PC12, PBMC, astrocytes, carcinomas, and hybridoma cells. William's E Medium contains no proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Therefore, William's E Medium requires supplementation, commonly with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). Formulation: for complete formulation click here:Regular William E Formulation

Isolation and long-term cell culture of epithelial-like cells from rat liver. Williams GM, Weisburger EK, Weisburger JH. Exp Cell Res. 1971 Nov;69(1):106-12. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(71)90316-8. PMID:
Isolation and culture of primary adult skin fibroblasts from the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Siengdee P, Klinhom S, Thitaram C, Nganvongpanit K. 2018 Jan 24;6:e4302. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4302. eCollection 2018. PMID: 2937969
Growth and continuous passage of COMMA-D mouse mammary epithelial cells in hormonally defined serum-free medium. Riss TL, Sirbasku DA. Cancer Res. 1987 Jul 15;47(14):3776-82. PMID: 3297308.

Human recombinant insulin-like growth factor I. I. Development of a serum-free medium for clonal density assay of growth factors using BALB/c 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts. Riss TL, Karey KP, Burleigh BD, Parker D, Sirbasku DA. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1988 Nov;24(11):1099-106. doi: 10.1007/BF02620811. PMID:

Rat pituitary tumor cells in serum-free culture. I. Selection of thyroid hormone-responsive and autonomous cells. Riss TL, Stewart BH, Sirbasku DA. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1989 Feb;25(2):127-35. doi: 10.1007/BF02626168. PMID:
Primary in vitro antibody responses by purified murine B lymphocytes in serum-free defined medium. Mosier DE. J Immunol. 1981 Oct;127(4):1490-3. PMID: 6792277
Evaluation of a simple protein free medium that supports high levels of monoclonal antibody production. Qi YM, Greenfield PF, Reid S. 1996 Jun;21(2):95-109. doi: 10.1007/BF02215660. PMID: 22358660.
Medium formulations. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2001 May; Appendix 2: Appendix 2B. doi: 10.1002/0471143030.cba02bs06. PMID: 18228282.
Serum-free culture of rabbit meniscal fibrochondrocytes: proliferative response. Webber RJ, Zitaglio T, Hough AJ Jr. J Orthop Res. 1988;6(1):13-23. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100060103. PMID: 3334734

Parameter	Specification
Appearance	Red, clear liquid
pH	7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality	275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin	NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma	Negative
Suitability	Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive	Sodium pyruvate
Indicator	Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection	Negative
Sterility Tested	Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form	Liquid
Shipping Condition	Room temperature

Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium-MAX (EMEM-MAX)

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box_shadow_style="" z_index_subgroup="regular" z_index="" z_index_hover="" overflow="" background_type="single" gradient_start_color="" gradient_end_color="" gradient_start_position="0" gradient_end_position="100" gradient_type="linear" radial_direction="center center" linear_angle="180" background_color="" background_image="" background_image_id="" lazy_load="none" skip_lazy_load="" background_position="left top" background_repeat="no-repeat" background_blend_mode="none" render_logics="" sticky="off" sticky_devices="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_offset="" absolute="off" absolute_props="" filter_type="regular" filter_hover_element="self" filter_hue="0" filter_saturation="100" filter_brightness="100" filter_contrast="100" filter_invert="0" filter_sepia="0" filter_opacity="100" filter_blur="0" filter_hue_hover="0" filter_saturation_hover="100" filter_brightness_hover="100" filter_contrast_hover="100" filter_invert_hover="0" filter_sepia_hover="0" filter_opacity_hover="100" filter_blur_hover="0" transform_type="regular" transform_hover_element="self" transform_scale_x="1" transform_scale_y="1" transform_translate_x="0" transform_translate_y="0" transform_rotate="0" transform_skew_x="0" transform_skew_y="0" transform_scale_x_hover="1" transform_scale_y_hover="1" transform_translate_x_hover="0" transform_translate_y_hover="0" transform_rotate_hover="0" transform_skew_x_hover="0" transform_skew_y_hover="0" transform_origin="" transition_duration="300" transition_easing="ease" transition_custom_easing="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" last="true" border_position="all" first="true"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset=""] In general, the advantages of EMEM MAX over Regular EMEM are as follows:

PH Capacity. The standard form of EMEM-MAX contains 2.5 g/L of Sodium Bicarbonate. PurMa Biologics also manufactures EMEM with higher NaHCO3 (2.438 g/L) which provides higher protection against PH changes (Cat: P3M132110)

Contains 2 mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (0.434 g/L) instead of L-Glutamine and therefore:

Possess longer shelf life)
Minimizes toxic ammonia build-up.
Improves cell viability and growth.
Remains stable across a wide range of temperatures.
Minimizes the growth of pathogens by stabilizing the PH.
Improves the culture of primary cells.

Additionally, EMEM - MAX contains:

2 mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (434 mg/L) (therefore possess longer shelf life)
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Sodium Bicarbonate (1.50 g/L)
1 mM sodium pyruvate
Non-Essential Amino Acids
PurMa Biologics Manufactures several types of EMEM-MAX based on the amount of Sodium Bicarbonate and HEPES (PH capacity) requested.
Phenol Red
Moreover, High Glucose DMEM-MAX (4.5g /L) is available at PurMa Biologics (Cat: P3M129110)

L-glutamine is a vital amino acid that is supplemented with mammalian cell culture media. This important amino acid has several important functions including the production of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides amino sugars, and glutathione as well as performing as the secondary source of energy. The latter is more crucial in cells dividing rapidly. One drawback of using L-glutamine is that in solutions such as cell culture media, L-glutamine degrades, resulting in the generation of toxic ammonia and pyrrolidine carboxylic acid. The speed of degradation of L-glutamine depends on time, temperature, and pH. One way to minimize the degradation of L-glutamine degradation in media is to gradually add these amino acids to your cell culture but has to be calculated to keep the level of L-glutamine at a constant level. Practically, this strategy even though is possible but tedious, and depending on the volume of cell culture work in your la, keeping track of time to keep the level of L-glutamine at the same level is difficult and could be tedious if not impossible. A viable and well-proven alternative for using L-glutamine, which is less sensitive to environmental factors such as pH, is applying L-alanyl-L-glutamine, which is more stable in aqueous solutions and does not easily degrade and cells gradually release aminopeptidases that hydrolyze the dipeptide, slowly releasing L-alanine and L-glutamine into the culture media. The resulting L-glutamine and L-alanine are then used by the cells for protein production or in the TCA cycle. PurMa^TMGluaSup (Cat# P3S210 559) is a proprietary combination of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and other elements which prevent degradation of L-glutamine in the period when is released from L-alanyl-L-glutamine before being utilized by cells. Using PurMa^TMGluaSup maximizes energy metabolism and high growth yield. The other components in PurMa^TMGluaSup neutralize the trace of ammonia on your cells whose generation in cell culture is inevitable in presence of L-glutamine and harmful to the cells. Additionally, PurMa^TMGluaSup offers more buffering capacity which maintains physiological pH more efficiently. An extra buffering system in this media is a powerful tool to avoid changing the PH which results in instability in growing and cellular mechanisms. Changing the PH is also one of the most common factors for growing mold and other pathogens. EMEM-MAX functions better than regular EMEM on primary cell culture and most of the commercial cell lines such as MDCK, glial cells, fibroblasts, human endothelial cells, and rat fibroblasts. EMEM-MAX contains no proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Therefore, it requires supplementation, commonly with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS. In general, EMEM -MAX contains:

2 mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (434 mg/L) (therefore possess longer shelf life)
1mM mM sodium pyruvate (1100 mg/L)
Low glucose (1000 mg/L). For higher glucose please order P3M129110 EMEM
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Sodium Bicarbonate (1.5g/L), for higher NAHCO3 (2.438 g/L), please order EMEM, Cat: P3M159110
Phenol Red
Lipoic Acid

The complete formulation can be found here: EMEM MAX Formulation References:

Immunization and culture of rainbow trout organ sections in vitro. Anderson DP, Dixon OW, Lizzio EF. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1986 Jun;12(1-4):203-11. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(86)90124-8. PMID:
Human plasma and amino acids as moderators of uptake and metabolic consequences of antifolates in WIL-2 and human leukemia cells. Fyfe MJ, Sedwick WD, Brown OE, Laszlo J. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Mar;66(3):445-51. PMID:
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 from Hep G2 cells is potently inhibited by the truncated IGF-I analogue des-(1-3) IGF-I. Lindgren BF, Isaksson M, Stern I, Hall K.Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993 Jan;128(1):81-7. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.1280081.PMID:
Extracellular ATP and ADA-buffer enable chick embryo fibroblasts to grow in secondary cultures in protein-free, hormone-free, extracellular growth factor-free medium. Pietrzkowski Z, Korohoda W. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 1988;26(3):143-52. PMID: 3197876.
Dextran T-500 improves survival and spreading of chick embryo cells in serum-free medium. Pietrzkowski Z, Reiss K, Korohoda W. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 1988;26(3):123-31. PMID:
Improved method for the isolation and cultivation of human scalp dermal papilla cells. Warren R, Chestnut MH, Wong TK, Otte TE, Lammers KM, Meili ML. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 May;98(5):693-9. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12499909. PMID:
Human lens epithelial cell proliferation in a protein-free medium. Wormstone IM, Liu CS, Rakic JM, Marcantonio JM, Vrensen GF, Duncan G.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Feb;38(2):396-404.PMID:

Parameter	Specification
Appearance	Red, clear liquid
pH	7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality	275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin	NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma	Negative
Suitability	Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive	Sodium pyruvate
Indicator	Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection	Negative
Sterility Tested	Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form	Liquid
Shipping Condition	Room temperature

Advanced William's E Medium