Description

DMEM MAX:

In general, the advantages of DMEM-MAX over DMEM are as follows:

  • Higher PH Capacity
  • Contains 4 mM L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine (0.869 g/L) instead of L-Glutamine and therefore:
  • Possess longer shelf life)
  • Minimizes toxic ammonia build-up.
  • Improves cell viability and growth.
  • Remains stable across a wide range of temperatures.
  • Minimizes the growth of pathogens by stabilizing the PH.
  • Improves the culture of primary cells.

Additionally, DMEM-MAX contains:

  • 5 mM sodium pyruvate
  • High glucose (4.5g/L)
  • Non-Essential Amino Acids
  • 3.7 g/L Sodium Bicarbonate; PurMa Biologics Manufactures several types of DMEM -MAX based on the amount of Sodium Bicarbonate and HEPES (PH capacity)
  • Phenol Red

L-glutamine is a vital amino acid that is supplemented with mammalian cell culture media. This important amino acid has several important functions including the production of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides amino sugars, and glutathione as well as performing as the secondary source of energy. The latter is more crucial in cells dividing rapidly. Generally, this amino acid is used in cell culture media in the range of 2–6 mM.

One drawback of using L-glutamine is that in solutions such as cell culture media, L-glutamine degrades, resulting in the generation of toxic ammonia and pyrrolidine carboxylic acid. The speed of degradation of L-glutamine depends on time, temperature, and pH. One way to minimize the degradation of L-glutamine degradation in media is to gradually add these amino acids to your cell culture but has to be calculated to keep the level of L-glutamine at a constant level. Practically, this strategy even though is possible but tedious, and depending on the volume of cell culture work in your la, keeping track of time to keep the level of L-glutamine at the same level is difficult and could be tedious if not impossible.

A viable and well-proven alternative for using L-glutamine, which is less sensitive to environmental factors such as pH, is applying L-alanyl-L-glutamine, which is more stable in aqueous solutions and does not easily degrade and cells gradually release aminopeptidases that hydrolyze the dipeptide, slowly releasing L-alanine and L-glutamine into the culture media. The resulting L-glutamine and L-alanine are then used by the cells for protein production or in the TCA cycle. PurMaTM GluaSup (Cat# P3S210 559) is a proprietary combination of L-alanyl-L-glutamine and other elements which prevent degradation of L-glutamine in the period when is released from L-alanyl-L-glutamine before being utilized by cells. Using PurMaTM GluaSup maximizes energy metabolism and high growth yield. The other components in PurMaTM GluaSup neutralize the trace of ammonia on your cells whose generation in cell culture is inevitable in presence of L-glutamine and harmful to the cells.

Additionally, PurMaTM GluaSup offers more buffering capacity which maintains physiological pH more efficiently.  An extra buffering system in this media is a powerful tool to avoid changing the PH which results in instability in growing and cellular mechanisms. Changing the PH is also one of the most common factors for growing mold and other pathogens. DMEM-MAX functions better than regular DMEM on primary cell culture and most of the commercial cell lines such as MDCK, glial cells, fibroblasts, human endothelial cells, and rat fibroblasts.

DMEM-MAX contains no proteins, lipids, or growth factors. Therefore, it requires supplementation, commonly with 10% Fetal bovine Serum (FBS. In general,

Formulation: Complete formulation is available here: DMEM MAX Formulation

References

  1. A cell culture medium that supports the differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelium into functionally polarized monolayers. Hu J, Bok D. Mol Vis. 2001 Feb 7;7:14-9. PMID: 11182021
  2. Effect of primary culture medium type for culture of canine fibroblasts on production of cloned dogs. Kim GA, Oh HJ, Kim MJ, Jo YK, Choi J, Kim JW, Lee TH, Lee BC. 2015 Sep 1;84(4):524-30. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 Apr 18.PMID: 26001598
  3. Proliferation and gene expression of osteoblasts cultured in DMEM containing the ionic products of dicalcium silicate coating. Sun J, Li J, Liu X, Wei L, Wang G, Meng F.Biomed Pharmacother. 2009 Nov;63(9):650-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.01.007. Epub 2009 Feb 8.PMID: 19231130
  4. Medium [No authors listed]Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2001 May;Appendix 2:Appendix 2B. doi: 10.1002/0471143030.cba02bs06.PMID: 18228282
  5. Induction of differentiation by pyruvate and DMEM in the human retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19. Ahmado A, Carr AJ, Vugler AA, Semo M, Gias C, Lawrence JM, Chen LL, Chen FK, Turowski P, da Cruz L, Coffey PJ.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Sep 9;52(10):7148-59. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-6374.PMID: 21743014
  6. Protective layer formation on magnesium in cell culture medium. Wagener V, Virtanen S.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016 Jun;63:341-51. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.003. Epub 2016 Mar 3.PMID: 27040228
  7. The viability change of pigskin in vitro. Ge L, Sun L, Chen J, Mao X, Kong Y, Xiong F, Wu J, Wei H. 2010 Jun;36(4):533-8. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.08.001.PMID: 19836142
  8. A protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow. Soleimani M, Nadri S.Nat Protoc. 2009;4(1):102-6. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2008.221.PMID: 19131962
  9. Is non-buffered DMEM solution a suitable medium for in vitro bioactivity tests? Rohanová D , Boccaccini AR , Horkavcová D , Bozděchová P , Bezdička P , Častorálová M .J Mater Chem B. 2014 Aug 21;2(31):5068-5076. doi: 10.1039/c4tb00187g. Epub 2014 Jul 1.PMID: 32261840
  10. Effects of DMEM and RPMI 1640 on the biological behavior of dog periosteum-derived cells. Wu X, Lin M, Li Y, Zhao X, Yan F. 2009 Mar;59(2):103-11. doi: 10.1007/s10616-009-9200-5. Epub 2009 Jun 4.PMID: 19496017
Parameter Specification
Appearance Red, clear liquid
pH 7.2 ± 0.1
Osmolality 275-360 mOsm/L
Endotoxin NMT< 2EU/mL
Mycoplasma Negative
Suitability  Suitable for mammalian cell culture
Additive Sodium pyruvate
Indicator Phenol red
Mycoplasma Detection Negative
Sterility Tested Sterile filtered using 0.22 µm filter
Form Liquid
Shipping Condition  Room temperature